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Modern-Day Violations of the Universal Declaration
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Article Number
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Topics
Child soldiers - Democratic Republic of the Congo
Child Soldiers - Nigeria Forced marriage - Afghanistan Human Trafficking - Cambodia Human Trafficking - California (United States) Slavery - Australia |
Arbitrary Arrest / Detention - Australia
Arbitrary Arrest / Detention - China Arbitrary Arrest / Detention (Guantanamo Bay) - United States Exile of the Dalai Lama - China |
Authoritarian Regime (Freedom of Thought) - North Korea
Religious Persecution - China Stolen Generation - Australia |
Article 4
No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.
No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.
Here are some examples of modern slavery:
Source: Anti-Slavery International
Information about modern slavery
International Labour Organization. (2022). Global estimates of modern slavery: forced labour and forced marriage. https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/@ed_norm/@ipec/documents/publication/wcms_854733.pdf
United Nations. Office on Drugs and Crime. (2022). Global report on trafficking in persons 2022. https://www.unodc.org/unodc/data-and-analysis/glotip.html
Examples of child soldiers around the world
ReliefWeb. (2017). 10 countries where child soldiers are still recruited in armed conflicts. https://reliefweb.int/report/central-african-republic/10-countries-where-child-soldiers-are-still-recruited-armed
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Child soldiers - Democratic Republic of the Congo
DRC: the boy soldiers and girl brides of war-torn North Kivu. (2018, October 14). Al Jazeera. https://www.aljazeera.com/gallery/2018/10/14/drc-the-boy-soldiers-and-girl-brides-of-war-torn-north-kivu
Prashad, J. (2020). Children of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. https://www.humanium.org/en/democratic-republic-congo/
UNICEF. (2018). Thousands of children continue to be used as child soldiers. https://www.unicef.org/drcongo/en/press-releases/thousands-children-continue-be-used-child-soldiers
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Child soldiers - Nigeria
Adeyemi, I. (2022, December 19). Special report: Rape, child soldiers at Boko Haram's new frontier. Premium Times. https://www.premiumtimesng.com/gender/571104-special-report-rape-child-soldiers-at-boko-harams-new-frontier.html
Kajjo, S., & Kaina, H. M. (2020). Experts: Boko Haram recruiting children as soldiers, suicide bombers. https://www.voanews.com/a/extremism-watch_experts-boko-haram-recruiting-children-soldiers-suicide-bombers/6195472.html
Wachaya, D. (2022). Understanding the Nigerian child soldier crisis. https://thred.com/change/understanding-the-nigerian-child-soldier-crisis/
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Forced Marriage - Afghanistan
Joya, Z., & Rukhshana. (2023, February 7). 'No escape' for Afghan girls forced out of education and into early marriage. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2023/feb/09/no-escape-for-afghan-girls-forced-out-of-education-and-into-early-marriage
Kumar, R., & Noori, H. (2022). What's it's like being a woman in Afghanistan today: 'death in slow motion'. https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2022/07/27/1114033369/what-its-like-being-a-woman-in-afghanistan-today-death-in-slow-motion
Zamora-Gomez, C. M. (2023). Forced marriage of Afghan girls and the bifurcated approach for defining prosecution. https://voelkerrechtsblog.org/forced-marriage-of-afghan-girls-and-the-bifurcated-approach-for-defining-persecution/
Human Trafficking - Cambodia
Ford, M., & Vimonsuknopparat, S. (2022, December 29). Inside the call centre scam that lured vulnerable workers to Cambodia and trapped them in the murky world of human trafficking. ABC News. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-12-29/inside-call-centre-scams-in-cambodia-torture-fear-and-survival/101770352
Kennedy, L., Southern, N. P., & Yan, H. (2022, November 3). Cambodia's modern slavery nightmare: the human trafficking crisis overlooked by authorities. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/nov/03/cambodias-modern-slavery-nightmare-the-human-trafficking-crisis-overlooked-by-authorities
Wong, T., Thu, B., & Lee, L. (2022, September 21). Cambodia scams: lured and trapped into slavery. BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-62792875
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Human Trafficking - California (United States)
Human Trafficking Institute. (2021). California. https://traffickinginstitute.org/state-reports/ca/
Public Policy Institute of California. (2023). Human trafficking in California. https://www.ppic.org/blog/human-trafficking-in-california/
Trafficking victims endured 'horrible conditions' in US illegal drug operation. (2023, July 29). The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/jul/28/california-human-trafficking-illegal-marijuana-business
Slavery - Australia
Remember, slavery includes forced labour, forced marriage and human trafficking.
Anti-Slavery Australia. (n.d.). Modern slavery. https://antislavery.org.au/modern-slavery/
Australian Federal Police. (2023). Melbourne couple face court for modern-day slavery charges. https://www.afp.gov.au/news-media/media-releases/melbourne-couple-face-court-modern-day-slavery-charges
Baxter, A. (2020). Forced labour, sexual exploitation and forced marriage: modern slavery in Australia hides in plain sight. https://theconversation.com/forced-labour-sexual-exploitation-and-forced-marriage-modern-slavery-in-australia-hides-in-plain-sight-140838
Hildebrandt, C. (2022, September 4). Federal police fear hike in child forced marriage cases as overseas travel restrictions lift. ABC News. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-09-04/nsw-forced-marriage-police-fear-spike-as-travel-resumes-/101317834
Vidal, L. (2020). Rethinking Australia's response to forced marriage. https://lens.monash.edu/@politics-society/2020/10/26/1381571/rethinking-australias-response-to-forced-marriage
White, N. (2023, March 13). Inside the horrifying world of human trafficking where young Asian women are smuggled into Australia and tricked into being sex slaves by ruthless criminal gangs. Daily Mail. https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-11843147/Stan-documentary-Trafficked-exposes-human-trafficking-rings-Australia.html
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Article 9
No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile.
No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile.
Arbitrary Arrest / Detention - Australia
Australian Human Rights Commission. (n.d.). Right to the security of the person and freedom from arbitrary detention. https://humanrights.gov.au/our-work/rights-and-freedoms/right-security-person-and-freedom-arbitrary-detention
Australian Human Rights Commission. (2023). Immigration detention and human rights. https://humanrights.gov.au/our-work/asylum-seekers-and-refugees/projects/immigration-detention-and-human-rights
Doherty, B. (2018, September 15). Australia is reported to UN human rights council over illegal detention of asylum seekers. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2018/sep/15/australia-is-reported-to-un-human-rights-council-over-illegal-detention-of-asylum-seekers
Human Rights Watch. (2022). Australia: end indefinite, arbitrary immigration detention. https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/02/15/australia-end-indefinite-arbitrary-immigration-detention
New South Wales Council for Civil Liberties. (n.d.). Does Australia violate human rights? https://www.nswccl.org.au/australia_violates_human_rights
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Arbitrary Arrest / Detention - China
This issue also has elements of forced labour (slavery) and religious persecution.
Hayes, A. (2019). Explainer: who are the Uyghurs and why is the Chinese government detaining them? https://theconversation.com/explainer-who-are-the-uyghurs-and-why-is-the-chinese-government-detaining-them-111843
Kirby, J. (2020). Concentration camps and forced labour: China's repression of the Uighurs, explained. https://www.vox.com/2020/7/28/21333345/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. (n.d.). Chinese persecution of the Uyghurs. https://www.ushmm.org/genocide-prevention/countries/china/case-study/current-risks/chinese-persecution-of-the-uyghurs
Who are the Uyghurs and why is China being accused of genocide? (2022, May 24). BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-22278037
Arbitrary Arrest / Detention (Guantanamo Bay) - United States
Amnesty International UK. (2023). Guantanamo Bay: over 20 years of injustice. https://www.amnesty.org.uk/guantanamo-bay-human-rights
Masters, J. (2022). Guantanamo Bay: twenty years of counterterroism and controversy. https://www.cfr.org/article/guantanamo-bay-twenty-years-counterterrorism-and-controversy
United Nations Human Rights. Office of the High Commissioner. (2022). Guantanamo Bay: " ugly chapter of unrelenting human rights violations" - UN experts. https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2022/01/guantanamo-bay-ugly-chapter-unrelenting-human-rights-violations-un-experts
Exile of the Dalai Lama - China
Fang, J., & Robertson, H. (2019, March 17). How the Dalai Lama's dash from Tibet 'changed the concept of Buddhism' forever. ABC News. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-03-17/dalai-lama-fled-tibet-60-years-ago-changed-buddhism-forever/10900140
Explainer: Why does China want control over Dalai Lama? (2022, July 6). WION. https://www.wionews.com/south-asia/explainer-why-china-wants-control-over-dalai-lama-353034
Latson, J. (2019). How and why the Dalai Lama left Tibet. https://time.com/3742242/dalai-lama-1959/
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Article 18
Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance.
Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance.
Authoritarian Regime (Freedom of Thought) - North Korea
Human Rights Watch. (2022). North Korea. https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2022/country-chapters/ north-korea
Sang-Hun, C. (2021, December 15). North Korea executes people for watching K-Pop, rights group says. New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/15/world/asia/north-korea-kpop-executions.html
Smith, J. (2021, January 20). North Korea cracks down on foreign media, speaking styles. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-northkorea-media-idUSKBN29P0C4
Williams, M. (2021). North Korea intensifies war against foreign influence. https://www.38north.org/2021/11/north-korea-intensifies-war-against-foreign-influence/
Religious persecution - China
Hayes, A. (2019). Explainer: who are the Uyghurs and why is the Chinese government detaining them? https://theconversation.com/explainer-who-are-the-uyghurs-and-why-is-the-chinese-government-detaining-them-111843
Kirby, J. (2020). Concentration camps and forced labour: China's repression of the Uighurs, explained. https://www.vox.com/2020/7/28/21333345/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang
Ochab, E. U. (2019). Is China conducting a crackdown on religion? https://www.forbes.com/sites/ewelinaochab/2019/04/20/is-china-conducting-a-crackdown-on-religion/?sh=3ee58a5c19d3
Who are the Uyghurs and why is China being accused of genocide? (2022, May 24). BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-22278037
Stolen Generation - Australia
Australians Together. (n.d.). The Stolen Generations. https://australianstogether.org.au/discover-and-learn/our-history/stolen-generations/
Marlow, K. (2016). Explainer: the Stolen Generations. https://www.sbs.com.au/nitv/article/explainer-the-stolen-generations/5ust2jtjy
O’Sullivan, M. (2005). ‘Past’ violations under international human rights law: The Indigenous ‘Stolen
Generation’ in Australia. Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights, 23, 243-272. |